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Risk of systemic toxicity with topical lidocaine/prilocaine: a review.

The eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA, APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC.) is an anesthetic cream frequently used by dermatologists. Although...

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General anesthetics cause mitochondrial dysfunction and reduction of intracellular ATP levels.

General anesthetics are indispensable for effective clinical care. Although, the mechanism of action of general anesthetics remains controversial, lipid bilayers...

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Lidocaine Toxicity Summary Report

Toxicity Summary: IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lidocaine is a white or slightly yellow, crystalline powder or needle with a characteristic odor....

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Single-dose local anesthetics exhibit a type-, dose-, and time-dependent chondrotoxic effect on chondrocytes and cartilage: a systematic review of the current literature.

PURPOSE:Many studies have shown that local anesthetics may impede chondrocyte metabolism. However, the influence of a single-dose local anesthetics is...

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Which is the best choice for gastroesophageal disorders: Melatonin or proton pump inhibitors?

Melatonin is used in many countries to improve sleep disorders. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and...

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Selectivity of Ca2+ channel blockers for dilator actions on the isolated lower esophageal sphincter and aorta from rats.

We compared dilator actions of representative four Ca2+ channel blockers on the isolated lower esophagus sphincter (LES) and thoracic aorta...

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Which drugs are risk factors for the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is common in many communities, is associated with structuralfactors, eating habits, and the use of...

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Esophagitis and its causes: Who is "guilty" when acid is found "not guilty"?

Esophagitis is mainly a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, one of the most common diseases affecting the upper digestive tract....

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and the relationship with Helicobacter pylori.

After Helicobacter pylori was identified, and its relationship with peptic ulcer disease was exactly shown, the relationship of this bacterium...

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