HEALTH NEWS

Study Title:

Is Your Job Making You Fat? Study Links Office Work With Obesity

Study Abstract

Background
In Canada, data show adults had a lower energy intake in 2004 than in 1972. Data also show adults expended more energy through leisure-time physical activity in 2000 than in 1981. On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight and obesity (combined) rose from 49.2% to 59.1% between 1978 and 2004.

Purpose
This study aimed to chart trends in leisure-, transport-, and work-related physical activity in Canada between 1994 and 2005.

Methods
We used nationally representative data from the three National Population Health Surveys (1994, 1996, and 1998) and the three Canadian Community Health Surveys (2000, 2003, and 2005) (a repeated cross-sectional design). Sample sizes ranged from n = 17 626 (in 1994) to n = 132 221 (in 2005).

Results
Between 1994 and 2005, men became less inactive during leisure time (− 9.94% [9.89%–9.98%]), less inactive during transports (− 15.31% [15.26%–15.35%]), and more inactive at work (+ 5.18% [5.14%–5.22%]). Similar results were found for women.

Conclusions
Declining levels of physical activity at work may help explain the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in Canada.

From press release:

Working nine-to-five may be the way to make a living, but it may be padding more than the wallet. According to a new study from the Université de Montréal, office-workers have become less active over the last three decades and this decreased activity may partly explain the rise in obesity. Their findings, published in the early online edition of Preventive Medicine, may have health implications for the millions of people toiling behind their desks.

"People eat better and exercise more today than they did in the 1970's, yet obesity rates continue to rise," says lead author Carl-Étienne Juneau a researcher at the Université de Montréal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "My hypothesis is that our professional life is linked to this seemingly contradictory phenomenon."

Activity: From the 70's to now

Juneau and his colleagues used several Statistics Canada databases on the health of Canadians that included 17,000 to 132,000 respondents. He concluded that the lack of physical activity during office hours could explain the fact that obesity has increased 10 percent between 1978 and 2004.

A surprise findings was the increased healthy attitudes toward transportation. "As a result of urban sprawl we expected to see more car-dependant people," says Juneau. "Yet, both men and women increasingly adopted healthy behaviours such as walking and biking, which is definitely good news."

Quick bursts of activity may be the solution

Juneau suggests that to combat the inactivity and rise in obesity it would be best to integrate sport, work and transportation. For example, it may be more effective to exercise in smaller doses throughout the day rather than concentrate the effort. Therefore, walking at break time and taking the stairs could have great benefits.

Juneau also believes that the promotion and marketing of exercise can be tweaked. "Exercise can't just be an individual thing anymore. We must focus on groups. For instance, there are now tax credits for parents who register their child in a recognized physical education course. A similar program could be developed in the workplace for employees."

Study Information

1.Carl-Etienne Juneau, Louise Potvin.
Trends in leisure-, transport-, and work-related physical activity in Canada 1994-2005
Preventive Medicine
2010 September
Université de Montréal