NTP TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES IN Hsd:SPRAGUE DAWLEY SD RATS EXPOSED TO WHOLE-BODY RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION AT A FREQUENCY (900 MHz) AND MODULATIONS (GSM AND CDMA) USED BY CELL PHONES

The predominant source of human exposure to radio frequency radiation (RFR) occurs through the use of cellular
phone handsets. The Food and Drug Administration nominated cell phone RFR emission for toxicology and
carcinogenicity testing in 1999. At that time, animal experiments were deemed crucial because meaningful human
exposure data from epidemiological studies were not available. Male and female Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats were
exposed to time-averaged whole-body specific absorption rates of Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM)- or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-modulated cell phone RFR at frequencies of 900 MHz (herein
referred to as "cell phone RFR") in utero, during lactation, and after weaning for 28 days or 2 years. Genetic
toxicology studies were conducted in rat peripheral blood erythrocytes and leukocytes, brain cells, and liver cells.